Invited Perspective: How Relevant Are Mode-of-Action Considerations for the Assessment and Prediction of Mixture Effects?

Abstract

Distinguishing chemical mixtures in terms of the similarity vs. dissimilarity of their components’ mechanisms or modes of action (MOAs) is perceived as a key issue in mixture risk assessment. However, the well-designed study by Van der Ven et al.1 of a mixture of chemicals producing craniofacial malformations in zebra fish embryos calls the relevance of such distinctions into question