Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/20301
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dc.contributor.authorKortenkamp, A-
dc.contributor.authorKoch, Holger M.-
dc.date.accessioned2020-02-14T14:46:45Z-
dc.date.available2020-02-14T14:46:45Z-
dc.date.issued2019-12-23-
dc.identifierORCID iD: Andreas Kortenkamp https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9055-9729-
dc.identifierORCID iD: Holger M. Koch https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8328-2837-
dc.identifier113428-
dc.identifier.citationKortenkamp, A. and Koch, H.M. (2020) 'Refined reference doses and new procedures for phthalate mixture risk assessment focused on male developmental toxicity', International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, 224, 113428, pp. 1 - 13. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2019.113428.en_US
dc.identifier.issn1438-4639-
dc.identifier.urihttps://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/20301-
dc.descriptionAcknowledgement: The authors have conducted the work described here as a contribution in kind to the European HBM4EU project (www.hbm4eu.eu) to which they contribute actively.-
dc.descriptionResearch data for this article: All data used in this article are accessible directly in the manuscript and the Supplemental Material available online at https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1438463919308351?via%3Dihub#appsec1 .-
dc.description.abstractCopyright © 2020 The Authors. New procedures for phthalate mixture risk assessments (MRAs) focused on male developmental toxicity (anti-androgenicity) are overdue. Previous efforts suffer from several shortcomings: There is a lack of consistency in terms of the phthalates entered into the assessments, and in the choice of tolerable intakes. Many of these values do not reflect new evidence about low dose male developmental effects. Nearly all previous mixture risk assessments have focused solely on phthalates, with no regard for exposures to other chemicals that also induce male developmental toxicity, leading to underestimations of risks. Here, we address these weaknesses and inconsistencies by proposing criteria for the selection of phthalates for MRA based on structure-activity relationships. We suggest new reference doses for phthalates for use in MRA, as follows: DBP 6.7 μg/kg/d, DIBP 100 μg/kg/d, BBP 10 μg/kg/d, DEHP 10 μg/kg/d, DINP 59 μg/kg/d. We conclude that the fixation on the Hazard Index (HI) = 1 as signalling acceptable combined phthalate exposures is misguided as it ignores co-exposure to other anti-androgenic chemicals that also contribute to male developmental risks. Until more comprehensive assessments of phthalates in combination with other anti-androgens become feasible, we propose the use of a HI of 0.1–0.2 as a benchmark for interpreting phthalate mixture risk assessments.en_US
dc.format.extent1 - 13-
dc.format.mediumPrint-Electronic-
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherElsevieren_US
dc.relation.urihttps://www.hbm4eu.eu-
dc.rightsCopyright © 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier GmbH. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).-
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/-
dc.subjectphthalatesen_US
dc.subjectcombined exposuresen_US
dc.subjectreference dosesen_US
dc.subjectmixture risk assessmenten_US
dc.subjecthazard indexen_US
dc.titleRefined reference doses and new procedures for phthalate mixture risk assessment focused on male developmental toxicityen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2019.113428-
dc.relation.isPartOfInternational Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health-
pubs.publication-statusPublished-
dc.identifier.eissn1618-131X-
dc.rights.holderThe Authors-
Appears in Collections:Dept of Life Sciences Research Papers

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