Life and death of a thin liquid film

Abstract

Thin films, bubbles and membranes are central to numerous natural and engineering processes, i.e., in solar cells, coatings, biosensors, foams, and emulsions. Yet, the characterization and understanding of their rupture is limited by the scarcity of atomic detail. We present here the complete life-cycle of freely suspended films using non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations of a simple atomic fluid free of surfactants and surface impurities, thus isolating the fundamental rupture mechanisms. We identified a short-term ‘memory’ by rewinding in time from a rupture event, extracting deterministic behaviors from apparent stochasticity. A comprehensive investigation of the key rupture-stages including both unrestrained and frustrated propagation is made—characterization of the latter leads to a first-order correction to the classical film-retraction theory. The highly resolved time window reveals that the different modes of the morphological development, typically characterized as nucleation and spinodal rupture, continuously evolve seamlessly with time from one into the other.