Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/25792
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dc.contributor.authorNg, KL-
dc.contributor.authorMaciejewska, BM-
dc.contributor.authorQin, L-
dc.contributor.authorJohnston, C-
dc.contributor.authorBarrio, J-
dc.contributor.authorTitirici, M-M-
dc.contributor.authorTzanakis, I-
dc.contributor.authorEskin, DG-
dc.contributor.authorPorfyrakis, K-
dc.contributor.authorMi, J-
dc.contributor.authorGrobert, N-
dc.date.accessioned2023-01-16T16:21:01Z-
dc.date.available2023-01-16T16:21:01Z-
dc.date.issued2022-12-09-
dc.identifier.citationGrober, N. et al. (2023) ‘Direct evidence of exfoliation efficiency and graphene dispersibility of green solvents towards sustainable graphene production' in ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering, Vol.11 (1). pp.58-66. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.2c03594.en_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/25792-
dc.description.abstractAchieving a sustainable production of pristine high-quality graphene and other layered materials at a low cost is one of the bottlenecks that needs to be overcome for reaching 2D material applications at a large scale. Liquid phase exfoliation in conjunction with N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) is recognized as the most efficient method for both the exfoliation and dispersion of graphene. Unfortunately, NMP is neither sustainable nor suitable for up-scaling production due to its adverse impact on the environment. Here, we show the real potential of green solvents by revealing the independent contributions of their exfoliation efficiency and graphene dispersibility to the graphene yield. By experimentally separating these two factors, we demonstrate that the exfoliation efficiency of a given solvent is independent of its dispersibility. Our studies revealed that isopropanol can be used to exfoliate graphite as efficiently as NMP. Our finding is corroborated by the matching ratio between the polar and dispersive energies of graphite and that of the solvent surface tension. This direct evidence of exfoliation efficiency and dispersibility of solvents paves the way to developing a deeper understanding of the real potential of sustainable graphene manufacturing at a large scale.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipUK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC), within the project “Sustainable and industrially scalable ultrasonic liquid phase exfoliation technologies for manufacturing 2D advanced functional materials” (EcoUltra2D), with the grant nos. EP/R031665/1; EP/R031401/1; EP/R031819/1; and EP/R031975/1. We wish to acknowledge the support of the Henry Royce Institute for advanced materials for K.L.N. through the Student Equipment Access Scheme enabling access to the Kruss GmbH K100C Surface Tensiometer facilities at the University of Manchester; EPSRC grant number EP/R00661X/1. N.G. thanks the Royal Society for financial support.en_US
dc.languageen-
dc.publisherAmerican Chemical Society (ACS)en_US
dc.rightsCopyright © 2022 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society. This article is open access and uses a Creative Commons public use license, CC-BY.-
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/-
dc.subjectGrapheneen_US
dc.subjectliquid phase exfoliationen_US
dc.subjectgreen solventsen_US
dc.subjectNMPen_US
dc.subjectexfoliation efficiencyen_US
dc.subjectdispersibilityen_US
dc.subjectre-dispersionen_US
dc.titleDirect evidence of exfoliation efficiency and graphene dispersibility of green solvents towards sustainable graphene productionen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
dc.identifier.doihttp://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.2c03594-
dc.relation.isPartOfACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering-
pubs.publication-statusPublished-
dc.identifier.eissn2168-0485-
Appears in Collections:Brunel Centre for Advanced Solidification Technology (BCAST)

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