Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/9865
Title: Mixture effects at very low doses with combinations of anti-androgenic pesticides, antioxidants, industrial pollutant and chemicals used in personal care products
Authors: Orton, F
Ermler, S
Kugathas, S
Rosivatz, E
Scholze, M
Kortenkamp, A
Keywords: Anti-androgen;AR antagonism;Concentration addition;Endocrine disruption;Mixture
Issue Date: 2014
Citation: Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 278:3, 2014
Abstract: Many xenobiotics have been identified as in vitro androgen receptor (AR) antagonists, but information about their ability to produce combined effects at low concentrations ismissing. Such data can reveal whether joint effects at the receptor are induced at low levels andmay support the prioritisation of in vivo evaluations and provide orientations for the grouping of anti-androgens in cumulative risk assessment. Combinations of 30 AR antagonists from a wide range of sources and exposure routes (pesticides, antioxidants, parabens, UV-filters, synthetic musks, bisphenol-A, benzo(a)pyrene, perfluorooctane sulfonate and pentabromodiphenyl ether) were tested using a reporter gene assay (MDA-kb2). Chemicalswere combined at threemixture ratios, equivalent to single components' effect concentrations that inhibit the action of dihydrotesterone by 1%, 10% or 20%. Concentration addition (CA) and independent action were used to calculate additivity expectations. We observed complete suppression of dihydrotestosterone effects when chemicals were combined at individual concentrations eliciting 1%, 10% or 20% AR antagonistic effect. Due to the large number of mixture components, the combined AR antagonistic effects occurred at very low concentrations of individual mixture components. CA slightly underestimated the combined effects at all mixture ratios. In conclusion, large numbers of AR antagonists froma wide variety of sources and exposure routes have the ability of acting together at the receptor to produce joint effects at very low concentrations. Significant mixture effects are observed when chemicals are combined at concentrations that individually do not induce observable AR antagonistic effects. Cumulative risk assessment for AR antagonists should apply grouping criteria based on effects where data are available, rather than on criteria of chemical similarity.
Description: This article has been made available through the Brunel Open Access Publishing Fund.
URI: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0041008X13004080#
http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/9865
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.taap.2013.09.008
metadata.dc.relation.isreplacedby: 2438/20407
http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/20407
ISSN: 0041-008X
Appears in Collections:Brunel OA Publishing Fund
Institute for the Environment

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