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Title: | A multi-technique and multi-scale analysis of the thermal degradation of PEEK in laser heating |
Authors: | Gaitanelis, D Chanteli, A Worrall, C Weaver, PM Kazilas, M |
Keywords: | poly-ether-ether-ketone (PEEK);thermal degradation;laser heating;laser annealing;surface carbonisation;char layer;nanoindentation;Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy;differential scanning calorimetry (DSC);Raman spectroscopy |
Issue Date: | 10-Feb-2023 |
Publisher: | Elsevier |
Citation: | Gaitanelis, D. et al. (2023) 'A multi-technique and multi-scale analysis of the thermal degradation of PEEK in laser heating', Polymer Degradation and Stability, 211, 110282, pp. 1 - 12. doi: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2023.110282. |
Abstract: | Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). The present work studies the thermal degradation of laser-heated poly-ether-ether-ketone (PEEK) as the heating duration increases. Its damage morphology, chemical composition, crystallinity content, and mechanical properties are examined with optical microscopy, attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, Raman spectroscopy, and continuous stiffness measurement nanoindentation. The applicability of those methods in detecting the thermal degradation of laser-heated PEEK and assessing the induced thermal damage is highlighted. Results show that short-time laser heating acts as an annealing process that improves the crystallinity and hardness on the affected surface of PEEK by up to 5.1% and 10.8% respectively. With a further increase in the heating duration, surface carbonisation occurs and a char layer is formed. Surface carbonisation is associated with the thermal limits of PEEK in laser heating decreasing by up to 50% its hardness and by 45% its indentation modulus. Finally, the char layer is found to act as a shielding mechanism that protects the bulk PEEK from the applied thermal load, resulting in mostly superficial thermally induced damage. |
Description: | Data availability: Data will be made available on request. |
URI: | https://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/26714 |
DOI: | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2023.110282 |
ISSN: | 0141-3910 |
Other Identifiers: | ORCID iDs: Dimitrios Gaitanelis https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9392-9841; Mihalis Kazilas https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6613-9118. 110282 |
Appears in Collections: | Brunel Composites Centre |
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FullText.pdf | Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). | 15.69 MB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
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