Validation of dynamic GB transmission system models with PMU data for hardware-in-the-loop studies

Abstract

Decarbonisation of the electrical power system in Great Britain (GB) has impacted the dynamic behaviour of the power system, not least due to the reduction in system inertia. Following disturbance events on the power system, Fast Frequency Phenomena (F2P) can be observed which may cause mal-operation of Loss-of-Mains (LoM) protection relays on distributed generation where the relays use Rate of Change of Frequency (RoCoF) or Vector Shift (VS) to detect loss of mains. The research presented in this paper aims to validate a full model of the GB transmission system using Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) data from system events. The model is implemented in the DIgSILENT PowerFactory analysis software. Three types of F2P are compared in the period following the disturbance when LoM protection may be affected: simulation of electromagnetic (VS) phenomena shows some differences to actual PMU measurements, but the electromechanical and mechanical phenomena (affecting RoCoF) are in good agreement. The distribution of inter-area oscillation frequency modes following the disturbances are also closely represented in the model. Based on these studies, it can be concluded that the model is suitable for F2P studies using Hardware-in-the-Loop simulation with real LoM protection relays.