Genotype and phenotype schema and their role in distributed situation awareness in collaborative systems

Abstract

Situation awareness is a critical commodity for teams working in complex systems. This article builds on existing schema theory to postulate an explanation of how teams develop and maintain situation awareness during collaborative activities. The perceptual-action cycle approach and schema theory are used to formulate a model of distributed situation awareness and extracts from a case study undertaken in the UK energy distribution domain are used to demonstrate the concept of genotype and phenotype schema as distributed situation awareness. The sub-concepts of compatible and transactive situation awareness are also outlined and explored via the case study. The differences between this perspective and the more commonly cited ‘shared situation awareness’ perspective is articulated. In conclusion, whilst the ideas presented in this article are quite different to those expressed by the dominant models of individual and team SA presented in the literature it is contended that that they are more appropriate for the study of SA in collaborative environments.