BURA Community:
http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/8587
2024-03-15T11:58:23ZHappy To Chat – Promoting Talking To Strangers In Public Places In The UK
http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/28539
Title: Happy To Chat – Promoting Talking To Strangers In Public Places In The UK
Authors: Victor, C; Yen, D
Abstract: After the Covid-19 pandemic, many countries are trying to reboot social connections in communities and societies, especially for older people who suffered mental wellbeing due to lockdowns and social distancing. Existing studies show talking to strangers can improve individuals’ well-being and reduce social isolations, although only with data from younger participants. This research aims to understand older people’s experience of talking to strangers, specifically in discussing how, why and where they feel most comfortable in talking to strangers. Using semi-structured interviews with 23 people (from 51 to 88 years old) based on their participation in a community-based Happy to Chat intervention (Happytochat.uk) from January to April 2023, we discuss how talking to strangers are consumed and practised by older adults. Applying agency and self-efficacy theory, findings show that their experience vary by age, gender and two types of self-efficacy: a) confidence in enjoying conversations with strangers; b) capability in navigating the risk involved in talking to strangers. The findings show that compared to the younger group (51-64 years old), the older participants (65+) are more willing and spend more time talking to strangers. Also, male participants tend to be more confident than females in navigating the risk associated with talking to strangers. Our research findings have practical and policy implications. Insights derived from the research findings are useful in developing training materials or conversation aids to improve current chatty schemes and increase older people’s self-efficacy in having conversations with strangers, thus benefiting from better social connections.
Description: Meeting abstract presented at the Gerontological Society of America (GSA) 2023 Annual Scientific Meeting, Tampa, FL, USA, 8-12 November, 2023.2023-12-21T00:00:00ZThe Corporate ‘Failure to Prevent’ Principle in the UK Bribery Act 2010: Philosophical Foundations of Economic Crime
http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/28536
Title: The Corporate ‘Failure to Prevent’ Principle in the UK Bribery Act 2010: Philosophical Foundations of Economic Crime
Authors: Korotana, S
Abstract: This article discusses the new corporate offence of corporate ‘failure to prevent’ bribery found in section 7(1) of the UK Bribery Act 2010 and the nature of consequential corporate liability. It discusses the nature of corporate vicarious liability, strict liability, and the identification doctrine and identifies the philosophical foundations of the principle of corporate failure to prevent bribery. The philosophical foundation of corporate liability emanating from the principle of the corporate offence is not based on the principles of corporate vicarious liability, strict liability or the identification doctrine. Liability attaches directly to the corporation because the rationale behind the legislation is to eliminate the culture of corporate bribery both domestically and extra-territorially. Section 7(2) affords a corporation a legal defence against its failure to prevent bribery if it can demonstrate that it had implemented adequate procedures to prevent individuals associated with it from undertaking such behaviour.2024-02-25T00:00:00ZSevere Prenatal shocks and adolescent health: Evidence from the Dutch Hunger Winter
http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/28535
Title: Severe Prenatal shocks and adolescent health: Evidence from the Dutch Hunger Winter
Authors: Conti, G; Poupakis, S; Ekamper, P; Bijwaard, GE; Lumey, LH
Abstract: This paper investigates health impacts at the end of adolescence of prenatal exposure to multiple shocks, by exploiting the unique natural experiment of the Dutch Hunger Winter. At the end of World War II, a famine occurred abruptly in the Western Netherlands (November 1944 - May 1945), pushing the previously and subsequently well-nourished Dutch population to the brink of starvation. We link high-quality military recruits data with objective health measurements for the cohorts born in the years surrounding WWII with newly digitised historical records on calories and nutrient composition of the war rations, daily temperature, and warfare deaths. Using difference-in-differences and triple differences research designs, we first show that the cohorts exposed to the Dutch Hunger Winter since early gestation have a higher Body Mass Index and an increased probability of being obese at age 18. We then find that this effect is partly moderated by warfare exposure and a reduction in energy-adjusted protein intake. Lastly, we account for selective mortality using a copula-based approach and newly-digitised data on survival rates, and find evidence of both selection and scarring effects. These results emphasise the complexity of the mechanisms at play in studying the consequences of early conditions.
Description: JEL classification: I10; J13.; Data availability:
The data that has been used is confidential.; Supplementary data are available online at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1570677X24000248?via%3Dihub#appSB .2024-03-02T00:00:00ZThe influence of waiting times and sociopolitical variables on public trust in healthcare: A cross-sectional study of the NHS in England
http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/28520
Title: The influence of waiting times and sociopolitical variables on public trust in healthcare: A cross-sectional study of the NHS in England
Authors: Dorussen, H; Hansen, ME; Pickering, SD; Reifler, J; Scotto, T; Sunahara, Y; Yen, D
Abstract: Objectives:
This study aims to assess factors influencing public trust in the National Health Service (NHS) in England, focusing on the impact of waiting times in Accident & Emergency (A&E) departments and for GP-to-specialist cancer referrals.
Study design:
A cross-sectional survey-based research design was employed, covering the period from July 2022 to July 2023.
Methods:
Data were collected through YouGov surveys, yielding 7415 responses. Our analysis is based on 6952 of these responses which we were able to aggregate to 42 NHS Integrated Care Boards (ICBs) for A&E waiting times and 106 ICB sub-units for cancer referral times. Multiple regression analysis was conducted, with the dependent variable being trust in the NHS.
Results:
Waiting times for A&E and cancer referrals did not significantly affect trust in the NHS. However, other sociopolitical factors displayed significant influence. Specifically, being a member of an ethnic minority group, or having voted Conservative in the 2019 general election were associated with lower trust scores. Other variables such as age and local unemployment rate were also significant predictors.
Conclusions:
Our findings suggest that waiting times for healthcare services have no effect on public trust in the NHS. Instead, trust appears to be largely shaped by sociopolitical factors. Policymakers should therefore look beyond operational efficiency when seeking to bolster trust in the healthcare system.
Description: Data availability:
Replication code and data are available through the Harvard Dataverse at: https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/AQYYNK .
The data are in the public domain, under the terms of the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal deed.2024-03-06T00:00:00Z